Phytoremediation Potential of Selected Ornamental Woody Species to Heavy Metal Accumulation in Response to Long-Term Irrigation with Treated Wastewater

Arid and semiarid environments of Mediterranean countries suffer from scarcity water resources, which limits their agriculture productivity. Using treated wastewater (TWW) is considered an alternative strategy for irrigation purposes in such areas. However, TWW contains substantial levels heavy metals (HMs) contaminants that pollute the environment soil. The aim this study to evaluate phytoremediation potential six selected woody tree species under long-term with TWW. concentration, bioaccumulation factor (BFC), translocation (TF), comprehensive bioconcentration index (CBCI) HMs were measured various parts (roots, bark, leaves) studied species. results show a general pattern mineral accumulation roots low areal Cupressus sempervirens, native environments, had higher TF values Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb its compared other shows Ficus nitida has be hyperaccumulator Cd value exceeds 12. Deciduous trees (Populus nigra Robinia pseudoacacia) found have high Ni toward parts, whereas Cr (1.21) was only P. bark. sempervirens had, significantly, highest bark leaf CBCI (0.83 0.82, respectively), second-highest leaves (0.56 0.51, respectively). Therefore, are good hyperaccumulators HMs, can used activities polluted